We use only EPA approved chemicals. Four chemicals are mixed for this application. The first is a contact kill pesticide for pests like Japanese beetles and tent caterpillars. The other is a systemic pesticide which is absorbed into the plant for longer lasting protection. By adding a broad spectrum fungicide we are able to protect your plants from both pests and fungus with a single application. We also use a spreader sticker to ensure complete coverage and protect against rain wash off.